Paragangliomas (PGs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from paraganglia, clusters of neuroendocrine cells scattered throughout the body. Mediastinal paragangliomas represent less than 2% of all paragangliomas and less than 0.3 % of the mediastinal tumors. These tumors may secrete catecholamines, however in up to 50% of cases they are nonfunctional and are diagnosed incidentaly or with symptoms of mass effcet to the adjacent structures. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypervascular mediastinal masses. The typical radiological features are very guiding in the diagnosis and the management of the patient. We aimed to present a case of a hypervascular middle mediastinal mass incidentally found in a 69 year old woman and diagnosed with aortopulmonary nonfunctional PG radiologically.

Swallowing is an essential activity required for survival. The global definition of dysphagia is simply difficulty in swallowing. Around 80% of individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are diagnosed with dysphagia in any stage of their disease progression. Dysphagia therapy in these individuals has gained considerable importance in improving the quality of life in the recent past. With the advancement of technology related to dysphagia management, the use of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) in dysphagia management is studied extensively, and the efficacy of it in successfully easing dysphagia symptoms in PD is still being evaluated. Hence this systematic review is aimed to give an overview regarding the current status of the literature available on the effect of NMES as a method of dysphagia rehabilitation on swallowing function in persons with PD. The present review will collate and critically analyse the existing knowledge of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in dysphagia management of persons with Parkinson’s disease. The authors did a systematic literature search following the PRISMA guidelines using electronic databases for studies reporting the use or effect of NMES on swallow function, aiding management of dysphagia in persons with PD. The quality and the levels of evidence of articles included were in accordance with the ABC rating scale by Siwek et al [20]. 3 out of 38 publications identified met the inclusion criteria. The authors carried out a systematic, qualitative and critical analysis of the articles finalised. The summary of the reviewed articles revealed the dearth of evidence and several methodological flaws as well as highlighted the prevailing research gap in this arena. This review additionally aids Speech-Language and Swallow Pathologists in clinical decision making and future directions concerning selecting Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) as a treatment option for managing dysphagia in persons with PD.

Tumoral Calcinosis (TC) is an uncommon benign entitiy characterized by solitary or multiple tumorlike densely calcified periarticular masses located typically in the extensor surfaces of the large joints. TC can be primary or secondary. The primary TC is a rare hereditary familial disorder of phosphate regulation. On the other hand, secondary TC is associated with an underlying disease, most frequently, chronic renal faliure (CRF). Herein, we present a case of 40-year-old male patient with CRF and 10 years history of hemodialysis, presenting with swellings around the right hip and left shoulder joints. The diagnosis of secondary TC has been made with typical computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Secondary TC is an uncommon condition particularly occuring in association with CRF. Typical radiologic findings and clinical history are leading in the diagnosis and prevent unnecessary further evaluations.

Vitiligo patients undergo a destruction of melanocytes. The melanin reduction inflicts as a risk factor for the development of skin neoplasia. Cases of malignant nonmelanocytic tumors and melanoma within the vitiligo patients is rare and isolated. This study reports the multiple injuries of the squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma within the intense vitiligo affected areas.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant multisystem genodermatosis resulting from a mutation on chromosome 17q11.2, characterized by diverse clinical expression with involvement of the skin, nervous system, bones, eyes and other systems. Neurofibromas are tumors located along nerve bundles; when they become large, they are called plexiform neurofibromas. Complications of neurofibromas are rare, but include malignant transformation and potentially life-threatening hemorrhages. A comprehensive perioperative management, including arterial embolization of feeding vessels, is required in order to perform a safe surgical procedure and to reduce potential surgical complications. We report a case of a large plexiform neurofibroma on the right flank, treated in a two-stage approach: first, embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles of the inferior epigastric, lumbar and superior gluteal arteries on the right and, second, 24 hours after embolization, exeresis of the lesion, which weighed 2.5 kg. Two years after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic, without tumor recurrence and with an important improvement in self-esteem and quality of life